The walls and ceiling of the operating room should be made of soundproof, solid, smooth, seamless, fireproof, moisture-proof, and easy-to-clean materials. Light blue and light green are preferable colors. Corners should be rounded to prevent dust accumulation. Viewing lights, medicine cabinets, and operating tables should be installed within the walls. Doors should be wide and threshold-free for easy access for stretchers; avoid using spring-loaded doors that are prone to swinging to prevent airflow from stirring up dust and bacteria. Windows should be double-glazed, preferably with aluminum alloy frames for dust protection and insulation. Tinted glass is preferable. The corridor should be at least 2.5 meters wide to facilitate stretcher movement and prevent collisions between personnel. The floor should be constructed of hard, smooth, and easy-to-clean materials. The floor should slope slightly to one corner, with a drain at the lowest point to facilitate wastewater drainage; drain holes should be covered to prevent contaminated air from entering the room or being blocked by foreign objects.
The operating room should have a two-phase power supply to ensure safe operation. Each operating room should have sufficient electrical outlets for powering various instruments and equipment. Sockets should have spark-proof devices, and conductive equipment should be present on the operating room floor to prevent explosions caused by sparks. Electrical sockets should be sealed with covers to prevent water ingress and avoid electrical malfunctions that could affect surgery. The main power line should be centrally located within the wall, as should the central suction and oxygen pipeline systems. General lighting should be installed on walls or ceilings. Surgical lighting should include shadowless lamps with a backup lift-up lamp. Water and fire prevention: Each work area should have running water taps for easy rinsing. Fire extinguishers should be installed in corridors and auxiliary rooms to ensure safety. Sufficient hot and cold water and high-pressure steam should be available. Ventilation, filtration, and sterilization systems: Modern operating rooms should have comprehensive ventilation, filtration, and sterilization systems to purify the air. Ventilation methods include turbulent flow, laminar flow, and vertical flow, which can be selected as appropriate. Operating room access route layout: The layout design of the access routes should meet the functional flow and clean and dirty zoning requirements. There should be three access routes: one for staff, one for patients, and one for the circulation supply of instruments and dressings, etc., to achieve isolation as much as possible and avoid cross-infection.